Sunday, September 11, 2011

Forgiveness and Reconciliation

My thoughts today on the 10th anniversary of September 11th, are of forgiveness and reconciliation. I'd like to share the most poignant example of this I've ever known.

Two years ago, my friend Amir and I had the privilege of traveling through Rwanda during the 15th anniversary of that country's genocide. In this conflict, the majority Hutu ethnic group took up arms against the minority Tutsis. Both of these labels had been falsely assigned by foreign powers nearly a century before, and propaganda to pit one group against the other had been ingrained in the population's head for several generations. In 1994, these ideas exploded as the Hutu extremist government ordered and carried out the mass murder of 20% of the population. Over 500,000 people were killed in 100 days.

In the interview clips below, Amir and I speak with one of the Hutu regional leaders who took orders directly from the government to carry out mass murder. He is now incarcerated as a Category 1 prisoner, a label reserved for high-ranking officials and master-minds of the genocide. Translating is our good friend William Karambizi, who was himself a Tutsi and lost many of his family members and friends in the conflict before fighting with the current government's army to stop the genocide. In this interview, the two former enemies sit side by side.

You may be surprised by what is said, and challenged to reconsider the human capacity to forgive. What does forgiveness really mean? What might happen if our country adopted a policy of forgiveness and reconciliation instead of a policy of revenge and, dare I say, terror? Is there really such a thing as the "other"? Many Rwandans thought so. Now, their eyes are being opened. When will our eyes be opened? As we Americans recall our own tragedy today, let us remember the insight of Dr. King that hate can not defeat hate, only love can.


Friday, July 30, 2010

Teaching in the South Bronx

After over a year without posting, I feel that only a brief synopsis makes sense.

After returning to the U.S. from Rwanda, I packed my bags and headed to New York City. I joined the "corps" at Teach for America, and have been teaching at South Bronx Classical Charter School ever since.

Teaching in my school's environment has been the most difficult thing I have ever done. My first year of teaching gave me a completely different look at social injustice. After spending so much of my time and effort on the other side of the world, it was time for me to open my eyes to my own country's issues. What better place to start than education?

At this point, my greatest realization is this: most poor elementary school children in New York City either receive a chaotic and unfocused education, or they are stifled by over-structured and rigorous academic programs that leave little room for creative development and play.

The challenge moving forward (at least in New York City) is to strike a balance and provide an environment in which children are challenged, but also given the space to enjoy being children.

I hope to write more as my second year progresses, but I am limited on what I can say by Teach for America. Regardless, I know I will come out of this experience with plenty of stories and life lessons that I will be considering for many years.

Friday, April 10, 2009

A Truth Untold

For the month of April, most of my posts will be to a new website, which is entitled "A Truth Untold."  This will be the reflections and documentation of a project I am undertaking with my roommate Amir to capture the 15th commemoration of the Rwandan genocide.  As we travel throughout the country, we will be posting pictures, videos, and written reflections about our experiences and our discoveries through reading and traveling.  I hope you will join us on this journey!



Monday, April 06, 2009

Miracle Corners of the World--Arusha, Tanzania

This 13 minute film tells the story of the first community center started by Miracle Corners of the World.  The center is located in the heart of urban Arusha, Tanzania, and offers programs in English, Business Entrepreneurship, Information Technology, a preschool, and a youth group that uses performing arts for social education.  Living out their motto, "Local Change through Global Exchange," Miracle Corners continues to work with communities throughout Africa in an effort to empower youth and address issues of poverty.



Sunday, March 29, 2009

Millennium Congregations and Millennium Villages

This eight-part film is one I made recently about the partnership between Millennium Congregations (MC) and the Millennium Villages Project (MVP).

A new American-based non-profit has emerged to promote an inter-faith response to extreme poverty, offering faith communities opportunities to support the incredible work of MVP and combat poverty in Mayange, one of Rwanda's poorest sectors.  Interviews with staff in Rwanda and MC's founder, Jay Lawlor, help tell the story of this partnership in the context of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).  Within each MDG are proven interventions in agriculture, education, business development, infrastructure, and health.

This initiative offers the chance for unity among religions as we join in a common life of caring for the suffering and destitute.  And we may just learn something about ourselves along the way.















Ntarama Genocide Memorial

Yesterday, I woke up at 7 a.m. on a Saturday and caught up with the news through Google Reader and e-mail. Our water has not been working for several days now, but our friend and "housekeeper" Tete gathered some from the collection point in the middle of Nyamata. Amir and I spent most of the morning at our computers chatting about everything from politics to religion, with our front door and window wide open, letting in the warm Rwandan air. Our landlord's daughter Ange ran into town and bought some chapatti, which we filled with beans and rice in the spirit of a burrito. As we ate our makeshift burritos, we talked about homosexuality and religion, approaching the topics from different perspectives, but open in our views and gracious in our criticisms.

Later that afternoon, we left our cosy house for the wide-open spaces of the main road that runs through rural Rwanda. We ended up walking several miles down all the way down to Ntarama. As we came up on the town, we accepted rides from two bicycle taxis or "boda bodas" as they are called in Kenya. I had forgotten the joy of coasting along at a leisurely pace that allows you to take in the full scenery, while also enjoying a refreshing breeze that cools skin that has been assaulted by the equatorial sun all day. It sure beats cramming up next to smelly strangers in steamy matatu death traps or viewing terrain from inside a moto helmet that may or may not be giving you a fungal head disease. I actually love the thrill of motos, but enjoyed the slower pace of the bicycle on this particular day.

Our destination was the genocide memorial at Ntarama, a church where 5,000 people met their end from grenades, hammers, clubs, and machetes. Going to this site, I did not know this information and had no idea what to expect, especially after seeing two very different memorials as Gisosi and Nyamata. This one was strikingly similar to the church at Nyamata, although smaller in scale and nestled in a beautiful enclosure of hills and banana trees. 

When I entered the building from the back, the deafening silence of the place washed over me and I felt as if I were being swallowed by the dark sanctuary.  Rows of skulls and bones line a giant shelf that stretches to the ceiling, many indicating the cause of death: a machete gash in the skull, a bullet hole, puncture marks from nail-covered clubs. 

Looking forward to the altar reveals a chilling view partially obstructed by thousands of clothes hanging from the rafters and covering the walls, the actual clothes of the victims.  Parts of the pews are missing where people pried them up in an attempt to defend themselves.  There are huge grenade holes in several walls.  Dust swims slowly in thin streams of light beaming through shrapnel holes in the tin roof.

At the front of the church, our guide showed us weapons that had actually been used in the ghastly event. She physically picked them up one by one to show us. 

Nothing is behind glass, nothing is restored or repainted. The place seems to be exactly as it was at the time of the attack, save for the bodies which have been removed and whose bones have been organized on the shelves, whose clothes now fill the holy space with a sobering reminder of humanity's capability for evil.

A small classroom and a kitchen behind the church give a similar feeling. The classroom has nothing in it but pew-like benches which served as the desks, and the dried blood and brain matter of the small children who were picked up by the feet and slammed into the brick wall.

The kitchen floor is littered with parts of bones and a few large tufts of hair, likely burned from the victim’s heads by fire that was thrown into the building to kill its inhabitants. This structure is badly burned and is in the same disarray to which it was reduced 15 years ago.

Leaving this haunting, yet sacred place, Amir and I signed the guestbook. On the comments section, I wrote “Love is Truth is Power.” Amir wrote “Mankind is capable of extreme love and extreme hate. Let us choose love.”

A Day in the Life of Reynolds Whalen

This 17 minute film follows my typical day living and working in Nyamata, Rwanda.  I made this for my home church of St. John's in Norman, Oklahoma because they are having a fundraiser for the outreach committee, which offered me huge support in my time here.

Enjoy the sites and sounds of a beautiful place with beautiful people!





Thursday, March 26, 2009

Penniless, We Own the World

This Bible verse really resonated with me recently and I wanted to share it:

"We are imposters who speak the truth, the unknown men whom all men know: dying we still live on; disciplined by suffering, we are not done to death: in sorrows we have always cause for joy; poor ourselves, we bring wealth to many; penniless, we own the world." (2 Cor. 6:8-10)

Tuesday, March 10, 2009

Nairobi Street Demonstrations: Chaos or Political Progress?

One headline in Kenya's Daily Nation newspaper for tomorrow (recently posted to their website) reads "Chaos as Varsity Students Stage Street Protests." My experience in Nairobi today was very different.

Last week, two prominent political activists were shot dead while waiting at a stoplight near the University of Nairobi. Several students pushed the car into the school's compound to keep the police from taking the bodies, and a student was shot and killed in the resulting skirmish.

In response, a group of students organized a demonstration for today to protest the violent act and demand the resignation of Kenya's police chief, Major General Mohammed Hussein Ali. Prime Minister Raila Odinga publicly recognized the protest and called for the police force not to intervene, saying that the proper authorities had been notified and that intervention would be a disruption of the political process.

Today, the large group of students walked through the central section of Nairobi and protested in several locations, including on the street in front of the president's offices and outside media headquarters. Indeed, they carried this out with no hassle from the police or the government.

However, as I rode past the business district in a matatu a few hours later, some outsiders had joined the demonstration and were looting local restaurants and businesses. This continued as I walked through town to meet George Ndiritu, the director of Haba na Haba. Several roads were closed for some time and there was fear of escalation, but the police got everything under control quickly and without violence or injury.

After talking with many Kenyans, including George, I believe today's events represent a positive step for tolerance in Kenyan politics. The fact that the government and police did not intervene until absolutely necessary is substantial in a country devastated by election violence that killed thousands of people just over a year ago. According to a staff member at my former study abroad program, this kind of peaceful protest was simply unimaginable until today. While there were certainly chaotic elements to the demonstration, I think the Daily Nation's headline is simply pandering to society's general sensationalism, and ultimately missed the bigger picture.

Ironically, I spent most of the day with Haba na Haba in Mathare, the "most dangerous" part of Nairobi, watching them perform an original play called Co-Existence that criticizes corruption, examines election violence, and calls for a more tolerant political culture in Kenya. Their work was beautiful and I couldn't help thinking that the events of today provide the perfect jumping-off point for an interesting and thought-provoking trip to the States on Thursday.

Monday, March 02, 2009

Haba na Haba!

It has been more than two years since I first met the performing group Haba na Haba in the Eastlands area of Nairobi.  After interning with the group for four weeks by giving guitar lessons every day and leading workshops on drama and movement, I returned to film an hour-long documentary about their work.  This film became part of my senior thesis project and eventually helped inspire my advisor Rob Henke, among others at Washington University in St. Louis, to spearhead an effort to bring them to the U.S.

After all this time and hard work, they are finally coming!

During their trip to St. Louis from March 13-22, Haba na Haba has a packed schedule of events, including an impromptu performance (styled after the performances they do in their own communities), class visits at the university and local high schools, a panel discussion on theatre and social change, and the group's premier U.S. stage performance of "Co-Existence", an original play examining the political violence in Kenya's 2007 elections.  Best of all for me, I will be flying to Nairobi in just over a week to join the group on their travels and be their host during their time in St. Louis.

I truly hope that whoever is reading this will be able to attend at least one of the scheduled events (listed in detail in the previous post).  Of all my accomplishments, this is by far the one of which I am the most proud.  This is honestly the most exciting thing that has ever happened to me.

Haba na Haba Schedule

Haba Na Haba Itinerary
March 13 – 22, 2009

*WEDNESDAY MARCH 18

4:30 pm:  Theater and Social Change
Panel Discussion with GWB students and Haba na Haba, Facilitator: TBA
Light refreshments to follow
Brown Lounge, Brown Hall
Open to the public

*THURSDAY MARCH 19

4:30 pm: Haba Na Haba Impromptu Performance with WU Students
All students welcome!!
S-40 Swamp
(Rain space: Mudd Multipurpose Room) 

*FRIDAY MARCH 20

8 pm: Co-Existence - Performance by Haba Na Haba
560 Music Center, 560 Trinity, U. City
Open to the public

Wednesday, February 25, 2009

Ash Wednesday

For the people of Mayange, the desert imagery of Lent is not difficult to grasp.  Part of the reason the MVP chose to conduct programs in the area is a lack of adequate rainfall and challenging conditions for agriculture.

This past year was especially difficult due to a long-lasting drought that destroyed many crops and left many people in desperate circumstances.

As I enter this Lenten season and read the Gospel lesson for Ash Wednesday in which Jesus instructs us not to disfigure our faces when fasting, I think of the countless people I pass every day who may not have eaten a full meal in weeks, yet whose faces reveal only hope and joy.  As I pursue my Lenten resolution to pray with the rising and setting of the sun every day, I will remember those in this world whose journey in life is a daily struggle, but who approach each day with unfailing optimism and gratitude for the little they do have.  I hope you will, too.

Monday, February 02, 2009

Millennium Congregations: a Brief Introduction

After sorting through over 20 hours of footage, I came up with this 2 minute piece to use as an introduction for shorter presentations about Millennium Congregations.  It can also be thought of as a trailer or preview for the 15-20 minute piece I will be making in the next few weeks.  

That video promises to be challenging as I try to capture the incredible complexity and comprehensiveness of the Millennium Villages Project, personal stories of how their programs have improved the community, and how all of this relates to Millennium Congregations.  My problem, which tends to be a common one in my experience with this work, is deciding which amazing programs and stories to leave out completely.



Tuesday, January 27, 2009

Kubaka

During my time in Rwanda, I have had the pleasure of connecting with the organization of my roommates Amir and Anna, called “Miracle Corners of the World” (MCW). This is an international network that empowers youth to become positive agents of change, to improve their lives and contribute to their communities. MCW serves youth through leadership training, community development, oral healthcare, and partner initiative programs.

In Rwanda, MCW has begun building a community center inspired by the ideas of youth throughout the Bugesera District, several kilometers south of the capital city of Kigali. This center will house an ICT center for learning computer skills, a classroom for language instruction, and a preschool, among other facilities.

This project will be particularly important in facilitating Rwanda’s switch from Francophone to Anglophone, which occurred officially only several weeks ago at the end of 2008. In fact, Miracle Corners Rwanda hopes to build the first public library in the entire country, focusing on making English-language books available to the community.

"Kubaka" in Kinyarwanda means "Construction."  This film tells the story of the groundbreaking ceremony for the center, highlighting some of the ways MCW has been working with the community, and celebrating the opportunities for education, networking, and socialization that have been and will be "constructed."



PART 1



PART 2


Friday, January 23, 2009

A lovely evening

Yesterday, in desperate need of exercise, I ran up one of Rwanda's "thousand hills" after work.  At the top, I enjoyed a dazzling view of Nyamata and the surrounding villages.  Coupled with the sound of my own heavy breathing was the never-ending chorus of children squealing in glee or utter dismay (i've remembered recently that kids rarely fall anywhere on the spectrum of emotions except the absolute extremes).

Later that night, I found myself interrupted at my computer by my landlord Bosco, who showed up at my door with his larger than life, tooth-missing smile, insisting that I join him and his wife for dinner.  Moments later, I found myself at table with the two of them and Amir, laughing our way into the African night and struggling joyously through our language barriers, elated to discover in the immense confusion an almost sacred bond of friendship that truly united our common humanity and reaffirmed my strong belief in Christianity, a religion focusing on the two qualities that made the night transformative: love and community.

Thursday, January 22, 2009

Mayange Drought

Ironically, it is raining here in Nyamata as I begin this post.

After a week-long vacation with my brother in Uganda and the Nyungwe rainforest (click on the "Rwanda pictures" window on the right hand side to see a photo album of our travels), I returned to work and caught the feverish energy of the Millennium Village Project office as they scrambled to finish end-of-year reports, and action plans for 2009.  

In the past few days, I produced two videos.  The first is three and a half minutes long and has been successfully posted to YouTube.  This piece was by request of MVP's Evaluation and Documentation Coordinator, Schadrack, who asked me to put together a minute-long video showing effects of a drought that plagued Mayange last year, and presented many challenges to the project's programs.  He wanted something to attach to his annual report e-mail that could tell the story visually, in addition to his written report.




The second video is 13 minutes long and tells the story of the construction and groundbreaking ceremony of Miracle Corners of the World (MCW), the organization for which my roommates Amir and Anna are working.  I have split the video into two parts for YouTube, and the first part has been uploading for over 20 hours now!  The file is only 50 MB, and I am slightly frustrated at my modem's inability to upload files at a reasonable rate.  However, I remain amazed that I can get internet access at all out where I am living.  

More to come soon...

Monday, December 22, 2008

Mzungu!

This is my fifth time in East Africa, and I am still not used to the diverse and outrageous reactions to my whiteness.

Every morning as I leave my house and begin the twenty-minute walk to the Millennium Village office, I am immediately greeted with a loud chorus of "mzungu!!!" that follows me non-stop for the rest of the walk.  Until I reach the main paved road that runs from Kigali, these cries come mainly from very small children.  

I am thoroughly convinced that the first word you learn as a baby in East Africa is mzungu, the Swahili word for white person.  It usually takes me all of about ten seconds to gather a small parade of children, most of them trying to hold my hand, rub my skin to see if the color will come off, or play with the forest of blonde hair growing on my arms.  

Often, I am greeted with "give me money," "how are you?", "give me water", or "good morning", which is especially peculiar when said over and over as the sun is setting on my way home (here in francophone Rwanda, an interesting mix of "bonjour" and "comment ca va?" enters the equation).  I am almost positive that not a single one of these children actually wants or expects water and money, but rather to satisfy themselves and impress their friends with the ability to speak English to a white person.

The best is when one of these phrases, almost always "mzungu" or "how are you?", grows slowly into a rhythmic chant that is well rehearsed and has specific choreography, namely jumping up and down and flailing one's arms around as much as possible.  As soon as this chant starts to materialize, kids come out of nowhere to join in, as parents look on with amusement or glance up for only a moment before continuing their work.  Often, a kid will face plant while trying to outdo his/her buddy then miraculously spring right back up and join back in as if nothing has happened. 

This all may sound very cute and endearing.  For the first week or so, it certainly can be.  However, after awhile, I choose to either ignore these pursuits or answer their questions in their own language with "ni meza" (I am fine) or "muraho" (Hello).  

By the way, speaking Kinyarwanda as a white person always gets a reaction, no matter how many words are spoken or to what age group.  The most common reaction is to laugh and chatter to a friend or group of friends while pointing at me.  Sometimes the person will answer normally, then do a double take and realize it's a white person talking, often leading to uncontrollable giggling or running away, or both.  

Somewhere in the back of my mind, it bothers me a lot that a single word of their language uttered from the mouth of a mzungu is somehow an act of God, while they are expected to speak four languages by the time they graduate high school.  The "African Studies major" part of my brain dives into the inevitable and inexhaustible questions about how we developed a global system where disparities such as this could exist, and what, if anything can be done about them (or for that matter, should or should not be done about them).

Turning on to the main road brings its own fun times.  First of all, let me try to describe to you the phenomenon of being stared at by literally everyone.  Imagine a time you have been in a crowded place and done something that drew attention to yourself, such as blow an air horn, trip flat on your face, or accidentally yell "BANG!!"  

Try and access that feeling of being completely exposed for that single moment when every eye is on you, curious as to what caused the disruption.  

Now imagine that happening ALL THE TIME.  

Anytime I am in public in rural East Africa, every single eye, without exception, is locked on me.  If I choose to look at anyone, they are, without a single doubt, already looking at me.  Granted, the feeling I described gets less intense as time wears on, but I do not believe it is possible for it to go away completely.

Then there are the hagglers, and all of those people running local businesses on the side of the road who desperately want the money--money that is surely flowing out of your white body faster than you can keep it in--to land in their hands in exchange for their bananas, phone cards, rides on backs of bicycles, tacky calendars full of smiling white babies, inspirational posters, or knock-off Gucci sunglasses (a pair of which I admittedly bought from a street hawker in Nairobi once, then lost in a drunken float trip down the Illinois River at the end of my senior year of college).  

Or, they have no legs and want money to buy food, alcohol or drugs.  Or they are scrawny street kids who beg for money to bring across the street to the man they work for.  

To be fair, this specific kind of solicitation has only happened in Rwanda a few times thus far.

This, my friends, is the definition of culture shock.  Some days are worse than others.  Sometimes I actually stop and attempt to carry on conversations with people using the ten Kinywaranda words I know, or in broken Swahili.  And sometimes I look straight ahead, walking as quickly as my long, gangly legs will take me.

The best method of dealing with these feelings is to acknowledge that they will never go away, and that it's okay to feel frustrated sometimes with the realization that no matter how hard I try, my tall, white, lanky, goofy, big-toothed mzungu self will never ever completely fit in :)

Saturday, December 20, 2008

A Gun and a Camera

I love those moments of clarity where I remember why I am here and why my work is important.

Last weekend, I was at a club in Kigali with Amir.  We were meeting a few of his friends and one of them turned out to be a former soldier.  After ordering a beer, I ended up talking with this guy for at least an hour.

For his privacy, I will simply refer to him as John.  

John was born in a Burundi refugee camp to Rwandan parents and joined the Rwandan military at a relatively young age.  When the genocide happened in 1994, he was one of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) soldiers who eventually stopped the massacre and took back the country.

Now, John leads tours in various parts of the country (such as mountain gorilla trekking, which I absolutely will do before I leave this country) and works as a freelance journalist.  He often acts as a guide when international journalists come to the country looking for a way to travel to the DRC, where violence and instability provide just the kinds of stories that Westerners crave.  

During our conversation, I was describing a recent article I read in the New York Times which I felt portrayed Rwanda's involvement in the DRC as incredibly one-sided, and he recognized the name of the reporter.  It turns out that John had been his escort, but had not yet read the article.  He was infuriated by my description, telling me that he had worked hard to provide balanced sources from both sides in order to tell the closest thing to the truth.

You see, John has an interesting perspective having been a soldier.  He explained that he has used a gun before, and even killed people.  But now his weapon is a camera.

A gun and a camera are very similar.  You point them at people and shoot, and they both capture a person's humanity in different ways.  However, only the camera can tell the truth.  And the truth is what makes the biggest difference in the end.

Thursday, December 18, 2008

Bagosora

As I was importing footage from the Kigali Memorial Center yesterday, the main perpetrator of the 1994 genocide, General Theoneste Bagosora, received a life sentence from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) for plotting the massacre of Tutsis and moderate Hutus.

This represents a huge success for the international community in pursuing justice for crimes against humanity, and for many Rwandans, this was an emotional day.

However, we must not forget that the events of yesterday would not even be necessary if not for our gross inadequacy to prevent the genocide in the first place.  Not to mention that this event comes fourteen years after the slaughter of at least one million people in the span of only 100 days.  

The baby step we take on a global level today can not even be compared to the reconciliation process that Rwandans are pursuing in their own country every single day.

Today, I attended a sector-wide forum to discuss the implications of tourism and how it does or does not directly benefit the community.  Hundreds of people attended and the event was held at Igiti Cy'umuyumu, a town in the Millennium Villages project with a fascinating recent history.

In this short clip from an interview, Delphin from MVP explains the incredible demographics of Igiti Cy'umuvumu, demonstrating how moving forward in Rwanda means so much more than convicting and sentencing one of the genocide's engineers.  

This lesson of forgiveness and acceptance should inspire us in this holiday season where we reflect on the past year and confront the brokenness of our own country, seeking to move forward with open hearts and open minds.









Wednesday, December 17, 2008

The Millennium Village Project and Theatre for Education and Development





Today I spent some quality time (yet again!) with a group of youth who are choosing to spend their holiday break singing, dancing, and performing together, and to use these activities to teach about HIV/AIDS prevention.


One of the MVP's initiatives in Rwanda addresses MDG 6 to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and other diseases by using theater as a powerful tool to educate and promote behavior change.  Similar to the roots of Haba na Haba (a performing group in Kenya with whom I studied and filmed last summer), this project uses football matches as opportunities to convey messages to a wide audience.


This morning, I sat with MVP's coordinator of evaluation and documentation as we went through several hours of footage they shot recently with various sectors of the program.  We imported footage of beekeeping training and practice, an initiative to teach farmers how to grow mushrooms, the recent utilization of farm equipment to increase productivity, and various shots to encourage the increasing cultivation of drought-resistant crops.  

This program gets more interesting every day, and it will be a HUGE challenge to get a comprehensive understanding, while still being able to portray it in a concise way.